Label-free sensing of exosomal MCT1 and CD147 for tracking metabolic reprogramming and malignant progression in glioma.

Malignant glioma is a fatal brain tumor whose pathological progression is closely associated with glycolytic reprogramming, leading to the high expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its ancillary protein, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) for enhancing lactate efflux. In particular, malignant glioma cells (GMs) release tremendous number of exosomes, nanovesicles of 30 to 200 nm in size, promoting tumor progression by the transport of pro-oncogenic molecules to neighboring cells. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-induced malignant GMs strongly enhanced MCT1 and CD147 expression, playing a crucial role in promoting calcium-dependent exosome release. Furthermore, it was first identified that hypoxic GMs-derived exosomes contained significantly high levels of MCT1 and CD147, which could be quantitatively detected by noninvasive localized surface plasmon resonance and atomic force microscopy biosensors, demonstrating that they could be precise surrogate biomarkers for tracking parent GMs' metabolic reprogramming and malignant progression as liquid biopsies.

Microstructural and photoluminescence properties of tin dioxide modified by electron beam irradiation.

A modified technique was developed by electron beam irradiation to prepare tin dioxide (SnO2) nanocrystals using the sol-gel method. SnO2 nanoparticles were radiated under a 1,400 KGy dose. The morphology and microstructure of the SnO2 nanocrystals were investigated by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the irradiated SnO2 nanoparticles have better crystallinity than unirradiated SnO2 nanoparticles, and the resulting nanocrystals have a tetragonal rutile crystalline structure. The HRTEM image proves that the average grain size is about 4 nm, and the clear lattice fringes indicate the improvement of SnO2 nanocrystals after irradiation. The Raman spectrum shows that there are new peaks at 535 cm(-1) and 691 cm(-1). The optical properties of SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and photoluminescence spectrophotometers. The band gap energy of the irradiated SnO2 was 3.29 eV smaller than that of the unirradiated SnO2 due to size effects and some defects of SnO2 nanocrystals. This work provides a novel approach for the improvement of SnO2 nanocrystals. The optical properties of the irradiated SnO2 nanomaterials are also expected to improve.

N-P transition sensing behaviors of ZnO nanotubes exposed to NO2 gas.

Hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanotube arrays were used to fabricate the gas sensor for detection of the toxic gas NO2. The ZnO nanotube gas sensor exhibited sensitive response to NO2 down to 500 ppb at low temperature 30 degrees C. Abnormal temperature-dependent and concentration-dependent N-P transition behaviors were observed. The excellent sensing ability of the sensor and their anomalous conductivity behaviors may be attributed to the unique surface conductivity related to the hollow nanostructure feature. These sensing behaviors may help to comprehensively understand the sensing mechanism of 1D ZnO nanostructures and improve the selectivity of the ZnO gas sensor.

WITHDRAWN: Effect of thermal annealing on electrical properties of nanocrystalline SnO(2) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition.

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